Multiple-event probability in general-relativistic quantum mechanics

We discuss the definition of quantum probability in the context of “timeless” general–relativistic quantum mechanics. In particular, we study the probability of sequences of events, or multi-event probability. In conventional quantum mechanics this can be obtained by means of the “wave function collapse” algorithm. We first point out certain difficulties of some natural definitions of multi-event probability, including the conditional probability widely considered in the literature. We then observe that multi-event probability can be reduced to single-event probability, by taking into account the quantum nature of the measuring apparatus. In fact, by exploiting the vonNeumann freedom of moving the quantum/classical boundary, one can always trade a sequence of non-commuting quantum measurements at different times, with an ensemble of simultaneous commuting measurements on the joint system+apparatus system. This observation permits a formulation of quantum theory based only on single-event probability, where the results of the “wave function collapse” algorithm can nevertheless be recovered. The discussion bears also on the nature of the quantum collapse.